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Water

The parcel lies in the Côa sub-basin, where water is already scarce in summer. The promoter has not disclosed how much water the plant would use, or where it would come from. We show what the official data say, and also what they do not.

96 %

water scarcity in August in the Côa sub-basin, where the parcel lies (APA's WEI+ index, 1989–2015 average). Over the whole year, 59 %: “severe scarcity”, APA's second-highest class. On the yearly figure, it is the most water-stressed sub-basin in the Douro river basin district.

≈ 106 m³ (Assumption)

of water a day in the “Central: Torres Novas-like” scenario (Assumption): the household use of about 1,180 people (Assumption). The promoter has not disclosed how much water the plant would use, or where it would come from.

0

groundwater-level stations within 30 km of the site. The nearest active one is about 53 km away; APA monitors the groundwater body as a whole.

The water year

Rain, evaporation, recharge and the water the plant could draw, month by month, around the parcel

Plant type
Water source

Manure-led mixed agricultural and agro-industrial feedstock with hygienisation (Torres Novas-like) 0.170 m³ of water per tonne (Assumption) The applicant's design estimate (EIA), not metered use; the highest value among the documented biomethane-only plants.

25 loads a day (Assumption) → about 106 m³ of water a day (Assumption) change the loads in the simulator

If the plant uses a borehole (Assumption)

Speed

At the end of the year

Recharge so far within 1 km (Assumption)

131,000 m³

Water drawn by the plant so far (Assumption)

38,800 m³

From April to October recharge is close to zero (Assumption): water drawn in those months would come out of groundwater stored in the fractured granite.

In this scenario, the plant could draw about 30 % of the recharge within 1 km (Assumption).

average monthly rain at the site (Almeidinha) (Assumption) reference evapotranspiration (calculated for Guarda) (Assumption) in mm a month

Water scarcity (WEI+) of the Côa sub-basin (1989–2015 average): 59 % over the year, and each month's value.

Recharge so far within 1 km (Assumption) Water drawn by the plant so far (Assumption) in m³, at the end of each month

  1. Jan

    rain, mm: 100 evapotranspiration, mm: 22

    WEI+ 24 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 41,100

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 3,300

    no recharge

  2. Feb

    rain, mm: 95 evapotranspiration, mm: 31

    WEI+ 29 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 74,900

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 6,300

    no recharge

  3. Mar

    rain, mm: 57 evapotranspiration, mm: 54

    WEI+ 40 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 9,600

    no recharge

  4. Apr

    rain, mm: 68 evapotranspiration, mm: 70

    WEI+ 46 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 12,800

    no recharge

  5. May

    rain, mm: 66 evapotranspiration, mm: 98

    WEI+ 68 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 16,000

    no recharge

  6. Jun

    rain, mm: 37 evapotranspiration, mm: 122

    WEI+ 85 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 19,200

    no recharge

  7. Jul

    rain, mm: 15 evapotranspiration, mm: 143

    WEI+ 93 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 22,500

    no recharge

  8. Aug

    rain, mm: 11 evapotranspiration, mm: 130

    WEI+ 96 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 25,800

    no recharge

  9. Sep

    rain, mm: 41 evapotranspiration, mm: 87

    WEI+ 93 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 29,000

    no recharge

  10. Oct

    rain, mm: 92 evapotranspiration, mm: 49

    WEI+ 63 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 76,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 32,300

    no recharge

  11. Nov

    rain, mm: 107 evapotranspiration, mm: 27

    WEI+ 43 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 88,300

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 35,500

    no recharge

  12. Dec

    rain, mm: 100 evapotranspiration, mm: 20

    WEI+ 25 %

    Recharge so far within 1 km: 131,000

    Water drawn by the plant so far: 38,800

    no recharge

Based on real data

Real or measured data

  • Measured rainfall (IPMA at Guarda; Almeidinha rain gauge)
  • Official average recharge of groundwater body PT03A0X1, the one beneath the site (APA)
  • Water scarcity (WEI+) of the Côa sub-basin (APA)
  • Status of the groundwater body (APA)
  • Yield of granite boreholes (Almeida et al., 2000)
  • Population and ages of the villages (INE, 2021 Census)
  • Water use and losses in Guarda and Avelãs de Ambom (ERSAR, INE)
  • Water use of real plants (evaluation committee opinion and environmental impact study; design figures, not metered)
  • Average water use in a European survey of anaerobic digestion plants (JRC reference document)
  • Groundwater monitoring stations (APA)
  • Catchments and streams (APA)
  • Distance to the water extraction zone (MOV.AP measurement)
  • Rainfall projections (RNA2100)

Assumptions, flagged (Assumption)

  • Assumption: 25 loads a day (capacity not disclosed)
  • Assumption: Load per truck and delivery days a year
  • Assumption: Plant type and water use per tonne (scenarios from real plants)
  • Assumption: Water source: borehole or mains (not disclosed)
  • Assumption: Water drawn evenly through the year
  • Assumption: Average recharge of the groundwater body applied to the site
  • Assumption: Split of recharge across the months (simple soil-water model)
  • Assumption: Rainfall at the site equal to Almeidinha's; evapotranspiration equal to Guarda's
  • Assumption: Parcel location (±50 m)
  • Assumption: Guarda's average household use applied to the villagers
  • Assumption: Typical granite borehole yield, pumped 24 hours a day

How it is calculated (Methodology)

Illustrative simulation using official data and scenarios from real plants; it does not replace a hydrogeological study for the project.

Read what the data do not show Methodology

How much is that?

The water the plant could use in a day, beside the water used in the villages.

Scenario Central: Torres Novas-like · Borehole (local groundwater) (Assumption) (follows the plant type and water source chosen in “The water year”)

In people

Each dot is five people.

175 residents of Pêra do Moço and Avelãs de Ambom (2021 Census)

The plant's water for one day is the same as the household use of about 1,180 people (Assumption)

This does not mean the plant would take the villages' water.

In cubic metres a day

Each cube is one cubic metre of water a day; the last one is only partly full.

Avelãs de Ambom supply network: 4 m³ of water delivered a day

Plant: 106.3 m³ a day (Assumption), about 27 times the Avelãs de Ambom network

In boreholes

Each icon is one typical granite borehole; the last one is only partly full.

In a day, the plant could draw the yield of about 4.4 typical granite boreholes (Assumption)

Typical borehole: the median yield of granite boreholes, 0.28 L/s, pumped 24 hours a day (Assumption).

How much water a biomethane plant uses

In a biomethane plant, water comes in mainly in these ways:

  • Diluting the feedstock. In “wet” plants the mix in the digester must stay liquid, below 15 % dry matter; much of the liquid is the plant's own digestate, recycled. At Torres Novas, the design has 30 m³ of fresh water a day for digestion, beside 150 t of recycled digestate.
  • Hygienisation. The waste that needs it is heated; the heating is indirect, so the water goes mainly on cleaning the heat exchangers, and at Sousel that water is recirculated.
  • Washing trucks, tankers and yards, and keeping the biofilter damp that treats the odours.
  • Upgrading the biogas. Water scrubbing uses little; membranes, adsorption and cryogenic upgrading use none.

Most of the water that comes in leaves with the digestate, which is spread on fields: at Sousel, 271,500 t of feedstock a year give 236,000 t of digestate. Some goes on keeping the odour biofilter damp. Water drawn from a borehole thus ends up mostly on the fields, not back in the aquifer near the borehole.

Plant Feedstock (t/yr) Water (m³/yr) m³ per tonne
Sousel (Portugal): livestock slurry and manure 271,500 22,703 (maximum) 0.084
Torres Novas (Portugal): manure, slurry and agro-industrial residues, with hygienisation 97,892 16,600 0.170
Ferreira do Alentejo (Portugal): mostly olive pomace 69,500 10,220 0.147
Monforte (Portugal): olive-pomace effluent and manure 154,700 795 0.005
Marboué (France): agricultural and agro-industrial 18,042 2,200 0.122
Auneau (France): agricultural and agro-industrial 20,970 2,700 0.129
Average of a European survey, mostly bio-waste — — 0.563

These are design, environmental impact study or permit figures, not metered use: we could not find measurements for any operating plant. The cubic metres per tonne are our calculation: water a year divided by feedstock a year. The European average is total water use, which may include recycled water, and it is above every plant in the table.

As the plant type has not been disclosed, we use three scenarios (Assumption): Sousel-like (low), Torres Novas-like (central) and the European average (high). The central scenario is the highest value among the biomethane-only plants in the table: it leans high, not low.

Rain, heat and droughts

Guarda has wet winters and dry summers: in July and August there is almost no rain. The site lies lower and further east, on a plateau that gets less rain than the city. In a simple soil-water model, all aquifer recharge happens from November to March (Assumption).

From June to September, the evaporation the climate demands exceeds the rain at the site by about 380 mm (Assumption). There is almost no recharge in summer: water drawn in those months comes out of what was stored underground over the winter.

Climate month by month: Guarda's normal and the estimate for the site
Month Rain at Guarda, 1991–2020 normal (mm) Rain at the site, Almeidinha (mm) (Assumption) Reference evapotranspiration (mm) (Assumption) Côa WEI+ scarcity
January 101.1 100 22.4 24 %
February 75.9 94.6 30.8 29 %
March 90.5 56.6 54.1 40 %
April 96.3 68.2 70 46 %
May 80.6 65.5 97.7 68 %
June 26.8 37.1 122.1 85 %
July 14.4 15.1 143.3 93 %
August 11.2 10.6 129.9 96 %
September 56.5 40.8 87.2 93 %
October 149.5 91.8 48.6 63 %
November 128.4 106.5 26.9 43 %
December 133.3 100.1 19.6 25 %

The site columns are estimates (Assumption): rain measured at Almeidinha, about 7 km from Pêra do Moço, and evapotranspiration calculated from Guarda's temperatures. WEI+ scarcity is APA's monthly average for 1989–2015.

Rain: year by year

Rain in each hydrological year, October to September, in millimetres.

In the 12 hydrological years from 2014/15 to 2025/26, Guarda had 1,080 mm of rain a year on average, above the 964 mm normal: recent observations do not show the region drying out. The risk lies in deep drought years, like those marked, and in the decline in rain that the projections indicate.

  • Guarda (IPMA, automatic station, provisional values), with the percentage of the normal
  • Line: Guarda's 1991–2020 normal, 964 mm
  • Almeidinha (SNIRH), a rain gauge about 7 km from Pêra do Moço: a different station, in mm only, not compared with Guarda's normal
  • drought: a drought year in mainland Portugal, marked on the Almeidinha series
  • marks years missing from the series
Show the values as a table
Hydrological year Guarda (mm) % of Guarda's normal Almeidinha (mm) Note
2004/05 — — 364 drought
2008/09 — — 393
2011/12 — — 266 drought
2014/15 821 85 % —
2015/16 1,466 152 % —
2016/17 753 78 % —
2017/18 1,077 112 % —
2018/19 838 87 % —
2019/20 1,336 138 % —
2020/21 1,137 118 % —
2021/22 658 68 % 331 drought
2022/23 1,120 116 % 742
2023/24 1,062 110 % 829
2024/25 1,232 128 % 819
2025/26 1,459 151 % —

Projections, not observations

Beiras e Serra da Estrela (NUTS III): annual precipitation relative to 1971–2000, multi-model ensemble means (RNA2100)

RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5: low, intermediate and high emission scenarios. Percentages only: the projections compare with 1971–2000, not with the normal above.

Show the values as a table
Period Scenario Change in annual rain
2041–2070 RCP2.6 +1.1 %
2041–2070 RCP4.5 −7.3 %
2041–2070 RCP8.5 −12.2 %
2071–2100 RCP2.6 +2.4 %
2071–2100 RCP4.5 −7.7 %
2071–2100 RCP8.5 −20.4 %

The deepest droughts of recent decades:

  • 2004/05. All of mainland Portugal in drought by the end of January 2005, “the most severe of the last 60 years”. Supply failures hit mainly small systems “with sources in non-aquifer areas”.
  • 2011/12. At the end of March 2012, all of the mainland in drought, 57 % in extreme drought.
  • 2017. On 31 October, 75 % of the mainland in extreme drought.
  • 2022. On 31 August, all of the mainland in drought, 38 % in extreme drought.

The projections for the region (RNA2100) indicate less rain by the end of the century under the intermediate and high emission scenarios, and almost no change with low emissions. These are projections, not observations.

The ground beneath the parcel

The parcel sits on granite: the “Granito de Pomares” on LNEG's geological map. In granite, water moves at shallow depth, through the weathered rock and the fractures; water levels follow the shape of the land, feed the streams and are “very sensitive to variations in rainfall”. These aquifers are “quite vulnerable” to pollution, because water can flow fast and the ground filters little.

Beneath lies the groundwater body “Maciço Antigo Indiferenciado da Bacia do Douro” (PT03A0X1), which spans 63 municipalities. APA's plan classes its medium as “insignificant aquifers – groundwater of local importance”, a standard class and not a judgement on this site. The body's overall status is “Good”; its quantitative and chemical status are both “Good but at risk”. APA writes that the volume abstracted “is close to the available groundwater resources”, mainly because of irrigation.

The parcel drains to the Douro basin, Côa sub-basin, not to the Mondego. The estimated centre of the parcel (Assumption) lies in the Ribeira de Massueime catchment; Pêra do Moço drains to the Ribeira das Cabras. Both streams have “Moderate” ecological status.

APA monitors the whole groundwater body, which covers more than 18,700 km², with 9 quantity and 20 quality stations. The nearest quality station, at Codesseiro, about 4.6 km away, has been inactive since 2018. There is no local series of groundwater levels: it is not known how far they fall in summer.

Where the water flows

The streams around the parcel, the divides between catchments and the water extraction zone known to local residents.

The map needs JavaScript. The legend below describes what it shows.

  • Plant: approximate centre of the parcel, ±50 m (Assumption)
  • Water extraction zone known to local residents, 352 m from the parcel, as measured by MOV.AP; approximate location, ±50 m (Assumption). We could not find this zone in the official registers we checked, including APA's abstraction register: it is not a confirmed public water source.
  • 1 km radius around the estimated centre of the parcel (Assumption)
  • Ribeira de Massueime and Ribeira das Cabras. The dashes run downstream and the arrows show the direction of flow.
  • Catchment divides: Douro and Mondego, and Ribeira de Massueime and Ribeira das Cabras
  • Villages

Which stream receives the parcel's water depends on its exact location, which has not been disclosed (Assumption): the estimated centre lies in the Ribeira de Massueime catchment, and the divide with the Ribeira das Cabras runs about 500 m to the east.

Streams and catchments: APA (SNIAmb), PGRH 3rd cycle · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Protomaps

The water extraction zone. Local residents know of a “Zona de Exploração de água” (water extraction zone) south of the parcel, which MOV.AP marked on its map (Assumption). We do not yet know whether it is a borehole, a well, a spring or a water gallery (mina de água), or who uses it. We could not find it in the registers we were able to check: APA's abstraction register; the protection perimeters of water sources; the mineral and spring water concessions and prospecting and research contracts DGEG has published since 2019 (DGEG's geoportal was not reachable); LNEG's inventories of water points, spas and boreholes; OpenStreetMap; and the Câmara's minutes from 2020 to 2026, searched by MOV.AP on the municipality's open-data portal on 29.10.2026. The location analysis in the proposal the Câmara discussed on 19.06.2026 mentions REN, RAN, a mineral prospecting zone and fire risk, but no water servitude. The official 2023 satellite image shows no structures there, but it does show green vegetation next to the zone while the surrounding fields are dry, which is consistent with wet ground. Until we know what it is, we do not call it a public water source or a protected zone.

The zone is 352 m from the parcel, as measured by MOV.AP (Assumption). If it is a groundwater abstraction, that distance is more than the 250 m that the draft decree of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain, not yet in force) asks for between a biomethane plant and an abstraction. So the distance, on its own, is no argument against the plant.

Who authorises a borehole

Drawing groundwater from a borehole of one's own needs an APA permit, the TURH, applied for at ARH do Norte. A prior notice is enough when the pump is up to 5 cv (metric horsepower), unless APA finds the impact significant. Between the abstractions of different users in the same groundwater body, the law asks for at least 100 m, unless the ARH sets another value.

The villages

Who lives in the nearest villages (INE, 2021 Census)
Village Residents Aged 65 or over
Pêra do Moço 114 35 %
Avelãs de Ambom 61 31 %
Portugal — 23.4 %

Who supplies whom. Pêra do Moço is on the list of the Caldeirão supply zone of the public mains; the list uses place names and does not say whether every hamlet is connected (Assumption). Avelãs de Ambom has a supply zone of its own, serving 69 people from its “own source” of groundwater; so does Rocamondo, serving 89. We could not find the location, type or depth of these sources published anywhere.

A recent precedent. In January and February 2026, the Valhelhas source, also in Guarda municipality, was shut over suspected contamination; the village was supplied through an emergency pipe and by fire-brigade trucks. The mayor described Valhelhas as one of the few villages “still supplied from wells”.

Nitrate before the plant. At the Avelãs de Ambom tap, in the first quarter of 2026, nitrate was 5.4 mg/L, against a limit of 50; pesticides were not analysed. In the Caldeirão zone, which includes Pêra do Moço, it was below 1 mg/L in the second quarter. Farming raises nitrate in the water of these aquifers: these values are a baseline for the future. It is not known whether the Avelãs source lies down the groundwater flow from the parcel.

What the data do not show

This is also true, and we say it just as clearly:

  • The regional aquifer is not threatened. In the “Central: Torres Novas-like” scenario (Assumption), the plant could use about 0.005 % of the annual recharge of the whole groundwater body, which spans 63 municipalities. For a local effect that is the wrong scale: the Sousel evaluation committee wrote that comparing one borehole with the recharge of the whole body is not pertinent.
  • Recent years were wetter than normal. In the 12 hydrological years from 2014/15 to 2025/26, Guarda had 1,080 mm of rain a year on average, above the 964 mm normal. Observations do not show the region drying out: the decline in rain is a projection, not a measurement.
  • If the plant uses the mains (Assumption), the quantity argument largely falls away. With mains water: about 1.8 % of authorised consumption in Guarda and 4.5 % of what the network loses to leaks (Assumption). The question then becomes water quality. Here that means: a fractured granite aquifer quite vulnerable to pollution, nitrate still low at the Avelãs de Ambom tap, and digestate spread on the fields. Risks: water and digestate

  • The documented biomethane plants use modest volumes: 0.005 to 0.17 m³ per tonne of feedstock. These are design and environmental impact study estimates, not metered use. Even so, at Sousel the evaluation committee rated the borehole's impact “moderately significant”, at the scale of the plant's plot and the local aquifer.

What to ask

You can make these requests under the law on access to administrative documents (LADA): request template.

To APAL-SIM, which runs the water supply in Guarda (and to the Câmara, as a member municipality):

  • The Water Quality Control Programme (PCQA) for 2025 and 2026 of the Avelãs de Ambom (PT400) and Rocamondo (PT416) supply zones.
  • For each source of those zones: its location, its type (borehole, well or spring), its depth, the volume drawn each year, its permit number (TURH) and any protection-perimeter study.
  • Whether the public-supply abstraction APA records about 5.5 km from Avelãs de Ambom, already in the Mondego basin, is one of those sources.
  • Whether every hamlet of Pêra do Moço parish is connected to the Caldeirão supply zone.
  • Whether Lambert Bioenergy (Biometano Cosmos, Unipessoal Lda.) has asked for a mains connection or a supply-feasibility statement, and for what volume.
  • Whether APAL-SIM has any source or infrastructure in the water extraction zone known to local residents.

To the Câmara Municipal da Guarda:

  • The documents of the biomethane item at the meeting of 19.06.2026, with the parcel's location: site plan, coordinates or land-registry article.
  • Any statement of the plant's water demand and water source in a prior-information or licensing request.
  • The constraints map of the PDM revision for the parcel, and whether it shows any water abstraction, spring or water servitude near the zone known to local residents.
  • The document “Medidas de Contenção Fundamentais para a Moderação dos Consumos de Água no Concelho da Guarda” (essential measures to moderate water use), with the water-saving measures the Câmara presented in August 2022.
  • DGEG's opinion on the “zona de prospeção e pesquisa de depósitos minerais” (mineral prospecting zone), once requested.

To DGEG:

  • Whether any right to natural mineral water or spring water (prospecting, exploitation or application) exists near the zone known to local residents.
  • Which prospecting area the PDM's “zona de prospeção e pesquisa de depósitos minerais” at the parcel refers to.

To APA – ARH do Norte:

  • Any permit application (TURH) or prior notice to draw groundwater at the parcel, by the promoter or the landowner.
  • Any environmental impact assessment file for the project, or the decision not to require one.
  • The registered abstractions around the parcel, within one kilometre, including domestic ones, and any abstraction in the zone known to local residents.

Sign the petition Risks: water and digestate See the sources

Sources on this page

  1. Plano de Gestão da Região Hidrográfica do Douro (RH3), 3.º ciclo: Parte 2, Volume B Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente · 2024
  2. Parecer da Comissão de Avaliação, procedimento de AIA n.º 3857: Unidade de Biometano de Sousel Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (SIAIA) · abril de 2026
  3. UPB Torres Novas: Estudo de Impacte Ambiental, Aditamento (T2025-0064-02-EIA-UPB-TRN-ADIT-00) Gasdaterra / Quadrante (via APA, SILiAmb) · 21 Apr 2026
  4. Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Treatment (JRC113018) Comissão Europeia, Joint Research Centre · 2018
  5. EIA da Unidade de Produção de Biometano de Ferreira do Alentejo: Aditamento (T2025-028-02-EX-ENV-EIA-ADIT-0), AIA 599 FBG Ferreira do Alentejo / Quadrante (via CCDR Alentejo) · 2026
  6. Relatório Indicadores e Dados 2023 (RASARP 2024) ERSAR · 2024
  7. População residente (estimativas anuais), indicador 0012918 INE · dados de 2023–2025
  8. Estações de monitorização de águas subterrâneas (serviço ArcGIS) APA (SNIAmb) · consultado em 29.10.2026
  9. Plano de Gestão da Região Hidrográfica do Douro (RH3), 3.º ciclo: Fichas de Massa de Água, Volume I Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente · 2024
  10. Aquíferos das Bacias Hidrográficas do Rio Tejo e das Ribeiras do Oeste (capítulo do LNEC, M. M. Oliveira) ARH do Tejo · 2010
  11. RASARP 2026, Vol. 2, Anexo III: Dados da qualidade da água (baixa), 2025 ERSAR · 2026
  12. Dados do controlo da qualidade da água para consumo humano: Zona de Abastecimento Caldeirão, 2.º trimestre de 2026 APAL-SIM (Águas Públicas em Altitude) · 16.09.2026
  13. GHCN-Daily POE00100963 Almeidinha (fonte ECA&D), 1959–1998 NOAA NCEI · consultado em 29.10.2026
  14. Normal Climatológica da Guarda 1991–2020 (v1.0) IPMA · 2024
  15. Normais climatológicas da Guarda (082), 1971–2000 Instituto de Meteorologia · c. 2008
  16. Andrade e Ventura: Hargreaves-Samani vs Penman-Monteith em 20 estações portuguesas, Finisterra LIX(127) e33850 Finisterra / CEG-ULisboa · 2024
  17. Plano de Gestão da Região Hidrográfica do Douro (RH3), 3.º ciclo: Parte 2, Volume A Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente · 2024
  18. Sistemas Aquíferos de Portugal Continental: Maciço Antigo, Introdução e Zona Centro-Ibérica (Almeida, Mendonça, Jesus e Gomes) INAG / Centro de Geologia da FCUL (alojado no SNIRH) · 2000
  19. População residente por lugar (censitário), sexo e grupo etário: Censos 2021, indicador 0011790 INE · Censos 2021
  20. População residente por local de residência, sexo e grupo etário: Censos 2021 e 2011, indicador 0011609 INE · 23 Nov 2022
  21. Planos de Gestão de Região Hidrográfica, 3.º ciclo: serviços ArcGIS (massas de água, pressões, estado, WEI) APA (SNIAmb) · dados de 2022–2024; consultado em 29.10.2026
  22. MOV.AP: medições sobre imagem de satélite, outubro de 2026 (distâncias do limite da parcela à zona de exploração de água, quintas e aldeias) MOV.AP · 16 Oct 2026
  23. RNA2100: Climate Projections, Extremes and Indices, Mainland Portugal (Supplementary Material) APA / RNA2100 · fevereiro de 2024
  24. Rapport de l'Inspection des installations classées: Centrale Biogaz du Dunois, Marboué DREAL Centre / Préfet d'Eure-et-Loir (França, via Géorisques) · 26 Jan 2015
  25. Bauer, Hulteberg, Persson e Tamm: Biogas upgrading – Review of commercial technologies (SGC Rapport 2013:270) Svenskt Gastekniskt Center (Suécia) · 2013
  26. UPB Torres Novas: Memória Descritiva PCIP e OTR (licenciamento) Gasdaterra / Quadrante (via APA, SILiAmb) · 2026
  27. UPB Ferreira do Alentejo: Memória de Processo (QDE-ALE-P-MDE-0001_07) e memória da água (QDE-ALE-W-MDE-0001_04), EIA AIA 599 FBG Ferreira do Alentejo (via CCDR Alentejo) · 2026
  28. Parecer da Comissão de Avaliação: Instalação de Produção de Biogás e Biometano de Monforte (AIA 570) CCDR Alentejo e outras entidades (via APA, SIAIA) · novembro de 2025
  29. Rapport de l'Inspection des installations classées: Centrale Biogaz de la Beauce, Auneau DREAL Centre / Préfet d'Eure-et-Loir (França, via Géorisques) · 30 Sep 2015
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